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Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (ISO 26262-3:2018 Clause 7)

The fundamental objective of the Functional Safety Life Cycle is the avoidance of unreasonable risk. The technical mechanism by which this is achieved starts here with the Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment, otherwise known as the HARA. Covered in Part 3 (Concept Phase) of ISO 26262, the objective of the HARA is to explore the hazards that failures in the system would create, and subsequently the generation of the “Functional Safety Goals” for the prevention or mitigation of those hazardous events, with the intention of avoiding “Unreasonable Risk”.

The following will help you build a robust HARA and guide you through the creation of the necessary Safety Goals.

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Description

This chapter contains five downloadable products which can be purchased individually or together as a package. The details of each product can be found below…

Guidance and best practice for completing a HARA
Guidance for writing safety goals
Guidance for producing the verification plan for the verification of the HARA and safety goals
Guidance for producing the verification specification for the verification of the HARA and safety goals
Guidance for producing the verification report for the verification of the HARA and safety goals
Guidance and best practice for completing a HARA

This product contains a process and template for completing a HARA following a best practice systematic method that is compliant with ISO 26262:2011 3-7.5.1

Guidance for writing safety goals

This product includes:

  • How to formulate the wording in compliance with Part 8 Clause 6
  • Specification and management of safety requirements
  • Guidance on the number of safety goals for typical items
Guidance for producing the verification plan for the verification of the HARA and safety goals

ISO 26262-3:2011 Clause 7.5.3 requires a verification review report of the HARA and safety goals in compliance with 3-7.4.5 which in turn requires that the verification is conducted in accordance with ISO 26262-8:2011 Clause 9.

This product provides guidance for producing the Verification plan required by ISO 26262-8:2011 clauses 9.4.1.1 and 9.4.1.2, for the HARA and safety goals.

The guidance includes advice on:

  • The content of the HARA and safety goals to be verified
  • The methods to use for verification of the HARA and safety goals
  • The pass/fail criteria to use
  • The verification environment, if applicable, for verification of the HARA and safety goals
  • The tools used for verification, if applicable, for verification of the HARA and safety goals
  • The actions to be taken if anomalies are detected, for verification of the HARA and safety goals and
  • The regression strategy applicable to the verification of the HARA and safety goals
Guidance for producing the verification specification for the verification of the HARA and safety goals

ISO 26262-3:2011 Clause 7.5.3 requires a Verification Review Report of the HARA and safety goals in compliance with 3-7.4.5 which in turn requires that the verification is conducted in accordance with ISO 26262-8:2011 Clause 9.

This product provides guidance for producing the Verification Specification required by ISO 26262-8:2011 clauses 9.4.2.1 to 9.4.2.3, for the HARA and Safety Goals.

The method used for the verification is a review checklist.

The guidance given in the product, is a pre-filled review checklist for the verification of the HARA and safety goals, together with pass / fail criteria supplied ready for adoption by the customer, and completion by review.

The review checklist covers the requirements of ISO 26262:2011 3-7.4.5.1 to assist in demonstrating:

  1. Completeness with regard to situations (7.4.2.1) and hazards (7.4.2.2);
  2. Compliance with the item definition;
  3. Consistency with related hazard analyses and risk assessments;
  4. Completeness of the coverage of the hazardous events; and
  5. Consistency of the assigned ASILs with the corresponding hazardous events.

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